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Organization: Stable, formal structure Takes resources from environment and processes them to produce outputs

Behavioral definition of Organization: Collection of rights, privileges, obligations, responsibilities Delicately balanced Conflict resolution **

Structural Characteristics of Organizations: Clear division of labor Hierarchy Explicit rules and procedures Impartial judgments **

Structural Characteristics of Organizations (cont.): Technical qualifications Maximum organizational efficiency **

Standard Operating Procedures: Precise rules, procedures, and practices Enable organizations to cope with all expected situations **

Organizational Politics: Divergent viewpoints leads to political struggle, competition, and conflict Hamper organizational change **

Organizational Culture: a set of fundamental assumptions about: What products the organization should produce How and where it should produce them For whom they should be produced **

AL organizations have different: Structures/Organizational types Goals Constituencies Leadership Styles, Tasks Surrounding Environment. . **